Archaeologists in northern Spain have made a groundbreaking discovery, unearthing a trilobite fossil that has been intentionally modified to serve as an amulet during the Roman Empire. This find, located at the A Cibdá de Armea settlement in Galicia, signifies the first occurrence of a trilobite fossil in a Roman archaeological context, shedding new light on ancient beliefs surrounding protective magic and the significance of prehistoric artifacts. The fossil fragment, measuring four centimeters (about 1.6 inches) and belonging to the genus Colpocoryphe, dates back approximately 450 million years to the Ordovician period. Its importance lies not only in its age but also in the evidence of human alteration.
Experts from the team led by Adolfo Fernández-Fernández identified up to seven facets on the fossil’s underside, suggesting that it was shaped intentionally for use as jewelry or amulet between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD. Research indicates that Romans attributed magical properties to fossils, with the trilobite’s segmented look likely enhancing its perceived protective abilities. Roman texts often linked large fossilized bones to giants or mythological figures, while smaller fossils like trilobites were believed to ward off evil. Analysis reveals the trilobite likely originated from central Spain, indicating it traveled over 265 miles through Roman trade networks, emphasizing its value and significance in Roman provinces.
Researchers propose two primary theories for the trilobite’s use: it may have been worn as personal jewelry or displayed as an offering in a lararium, particularly since it was found near an inscription suggesting a ritual context. This discovery adds to the limited examples of ancient cultures modifying trilobite fossils, marking the first notable connection to Roman culture. Interestingly, the trilobite’s unique form might have inspired Roman jewelry design. Evidence indicates that Romans produced glass and jet beads mimicking its appearance, believed to carry similar protective qualities.
Ultimately, the Armea trilobite was discarded alongside pottery and coins, reflecting how ancient natural history influenced Roman spirituality and understanding of the past.