Archaeologists have recently unearthed the Byzantine settlement of Tharais in southern Jordan, a site depicted on the renowned 6th-century Madaba Mosaic Map. Despite being missing for over 1,500 years, this significant discovery sheds light on early Christian communities and trading networks in the ancient Holy Land. Led by Dr. Musallam R. Al-Rawahneh from Mu’tah University, the excavation took place between 2021 and 2024, focusing on an area near the Village of El-ʿIrāq. The findings indicate that Tharais was much more than an agricultural village.

Excavations revealed a basilica-style church with intricate mosaics, stone doorways, and characteristic thresholds akin to other Byzantine religious structures. The map’s detailed representation of Tharais, combined with the architectural discoveries, suggests it served not only as a sacred pilgrimage destination but also as an important stop along key commercial routes. Tharais’s location, strategically positioned between the Moabite Plateau and the Dead Sea, facilitated trade connections with Zoar in central Jordan. The community thrived during the Byzantine era, accommodating travelers, pilgrims, and merchants navigating the harsh desert landscape.

Archaeological evidence points to Tharais’s remarkable self-sufficiency, with findings such as an olive oil press and a grape press showcasing its agricultural capabilities. Additionally, Greek and Latin inscriptions from the 5th to 7th centuries attest to a vibrant Christian community. Despite the abandonment of Tharais by the 7th century due to earthquakes, climatic changes, and the shift to Islamic rule, its remains have mostly been preserved. However, modern urbanization threatens the site, highlighting the need for protective measures.

This rediscovery emphasizes the invaluable role of ancient maps in guiding contemporary archaeological exploration and reveals rich insights into the Byzantine world.