Recent research challenges the idea that an incestuous elite governed Neolithic Ireland over 5,000 years ago. Studies focusing on burial practices at the Newgrange prehistoric monument—a large circular mound in County Meath—suggest that those interred there were not necessarily part of a royal class as previously believed.

In 2020, a DNA analysis of a skull fragment found in the Newgrange chamber indicated that at least one individual had familial ties indicating a sibling or parent-child relationship. This discovery led to speculation that if such relationships were accepted within the society, the prevailing assumption was that incestuous practices were common among an elite class.

However, a new study, published in the journal Antiquity, disputes this notion. Researchers from the University of York and University College Dublin found no evidence to support the existence of a social or economic elite.

They argue that the society at the time seemed to have been more egalitarian, showcasing shared resources, similar dwellings, and a lack of significant disparity in dietary practices. Professor Penny Bickle emphasized that the evidence suggests a collective social ethos rather than a stratified society.

Moreover, genetic analysis of the remains from Newgrange revealed that the relationships among those buried were typically distant, such as second cousins, rather than indicating close familial ties. Associate Professor Jessica Smyth noted the peculiar nature of ancient burial practices, where bodies were often broken down or cremated before final placement, complicating efforts to ascertain the significance of individual remains in terms of social status.

These insights prompt questions about how the community perceived those chosen for burial in passage tombs. The study ultimately portrays a society more inclusive and equal than previously suggested, inviting further exploration of these ancient communities.